The engine fault detection problem is
of special interest in the automotive industry due to its direct implementation
in the diagnostics of typical engine problems as well as engine preventive and
predictive maintenance measures. The procedure of identifying the type and
location of an engine fault can be very costly and time consuming. This paper
is dedicated to the identification of more than 26 different engine faults
using multi-level signal processing technique and an exhaustive search in a predefined
database. This database can be easily modified and/or updated to include new
types of faults; it also gives the flexibility of providing warning signals of
unidentified problems whenever it detects one.
In order to maximize the lifetime and efficiency of an Engine,
it is important to be aware of possible faults that may occur and to know how
to catch them early. Regular monitoring and maintenance can make it possible to
detect new flaws before much damage has been done. These faults can all lead to
the thermal degradation of the oil and paper insulation within the Engine. Fault
detection in Engines can provide early warning of electrical failure and could
prevent unwanted losses.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
The “Engine fault
detection” basically consists of following main blocks
1) SENSOR
Sensor are basically use to convert physical quantity in
electrical form there are different sensor are evadible for various physical
quantity. In our project we control 3 parameter first is Temperature, Voltage,
oil level. For this four parameter we use three different sensors.
A) TEMP SENSOR.
Temperature sensor are used to control temperature of
Engine There are various type of
temperature sensor are available in market such as NTC Thermister, PTC thermistor,
PT-100, Thermocouple Etc. out of which NTC & PTC thermistor and PT-100 give
change in resistance with respective change in temp so there is need of
resistance bridge circuit which is critical and lack accuracy. But thermocouple
type sensor gives directly output in mile- volt with respect to change in temp.
Instrumentation amplifier further modifies this temperature so it was easy and
simple way to convert temperature in required electrical form, so we use
thermocouple as temperature sensor in our project.
B) VOLTAGE
In our project we have to calculate total voltage taken
by Engine. So voltage is our first block of project.
C) OIL LEVEL SENSOR
Engine oil is usually a highly-refined mineral oil that
is stable at high temperatures and has excellent electrical insulating
properties. Its functions are to insulate, suppress corona and arcing, and to serve
as a coolant. Oil is used in Engines to insulate and cool the windings. since
heat reduces the efficiency of every electrical machine, oil is used in Engine
for example to cool and maintain the efficiency level of the Engine.
2) AMPLIFIER
Amplifier is required for temperature sensor
3) ANALOG TO DIGITAL
CONVERTER
To convert current, temperature in to its equivalent
binary form we use 8-bit type Analogue to digital converter. This converter
convert 0 to 5 volts D.C at input can convert its corresponding binary value.
This IC is very easy to interface with micro controller
5) MICRO CONTROLLER
UNIT
Micro controller IC 89s51 is heart of our project. We select this micro controller IC for our project for following no. of
advantages.
- Internal 8 K bytes of electrically erasable programmable read
only memory for feeding programmed
so that there is no need of external EPROM.
- Four 8 bit input, output port p0, p1, p2, p3 out of which we
use otwo port to read ADC and other port is use to connect 16x2 alphanumeric
display for written current & temperature purpose. Operating voltage
of 3.5 to 6v dc which is easily available by using voltage regulator IC.
- Internal 128 byte RAM to store temporally storage of data. In which we can feed took up table to turn ON/OFF
relay.
- Three 8-bit time/counter are present for timing and counting
purpose.
- 4 external and 2 internal interrupt are available.
Micro controller can read the data (for the
corresponding channel) available at output of ADC and convert in equivalent alphanumeric
code & display on 16x2 dot matrix liquid crystal display.
6) 16 X 2 DOT MATRIX
LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY
In our project we use alpha numeric display instead of 7
segment led display because on 7
segment reading and writing alphanumeric such as X,Q W,M is quit difficult, so
we use directly readymade alpha numeric display available in market this
Display has two column of 16 character each i.e. we can writ message up to 32
character on it .
8) RELAY, BUZZER
When any one-parameter crosses its level then micro
controller turn on relay and buzzer and through relay, and cutoff main 230 volt
supply so that system is trapped.
HARDWARE
REQUIREMENTS
The hardware requirements of the project will be
·
Power Supply
·
8051 series Microcontroller
·
Relay Driver IC
·
Relays
·
Lamp
·
Push Buttons
·
Transformer
·
Diodes
·
Voltage Regulator
·
Crystal
·
LEDS
·
Capacitors
·
Resistors
·
Sensors
·
amplifiers
SOFTWARE
REQUIREMENTS
The software requirements of the project will be
§ Keil
compiler
§ Languages:
Embedded C or Assembly
§ DUMPING SOFT WARE:
Using Micro controller flash Software we are
dumping our HEX Code into Micro Controller
ADVANTAGES
§
Fault easily detected
§
No manual effort.
§
Three quantities are detected;
number of quantities can be increased.
§
Cost less.
§
Engine can be safe in any condition
APPLICATION
§
In automobile engineering
§
In mechanical engineering
§
In irrigation system
